Germany is a social market economy with a large capital stock, highly skilled labor force, high level of innovation and low level of corruption. It is the largest economy in Europe and the fourth largest nation in the world in terms of nominal GDP. In addition to the intelligent economy and productive market structure, Germany also offers investment opportunities in its real estate segment.

What impacts the German real estate market?
Real estate market’s volatility can be explained by numerous macroeconomic as well as social factors of the country. Due to the European Central Bank’s policy of zero interest rate, mortgage interest rates remain record low providing historically favorable financing conditions. Furthermore, quantitative easing (QE) pursued by the ECB leads to higher liquidity increasing the investment pressure as investors are looking for potential investment opportunities with an above-average return in relatively safe sectors. QE also weakens the Euro making the German real estate market even more attractive to investors coming from outside of the Eurozone.

New projects and construction activity notably lags behind the growing demand leading to growing real estate prices. The German Property Index (GPI) which follows the return of all real estate investments in Germany reached 14.7% in 2016 which is a record level since German reunification. The demand for high-quality properties is increasing due to the demographic and macroeconomic trends in Germany – still ongoing urbanization and growing conurbation. Germany is experiencing a positive reversal in birth rates and other demographic factors. For example, the birth rate increased from 1.39 to 1.50 per woman from 2011 to 2015. In addition, Germany is experiencing a continuing migration surplus which manages to partly compensate the demographic imbalance.

Similarly, also commercial property, especially office spaces, experience a great demand due to record employment levels and low unemployment rates in addition to benefiting from the growing purchasing power and high propensity to consume. Logistics and storage properties are crucial to growing businesses and therefore in high demand due to the increasing numbers of wholesale and retail trade. Below is an overview from the main sectors of the German real estate market.

Residential Properties
The residential property market has managed to recover from the financial crisis and the market stagnation in the years after 2009. The construction projects of residential properties have increased steadily in the previous years leading to approximately 277,000 completed housing units in 2016. In 2015, residential property construction with a total investment of 170 billion EUR accounted for 60% of the total construction volume in Germany. Despite a meaningful increase in the granted construction permits (375,400 granted permits in 2016) and record high levels of completed projects, the demand still significantly surpasses the volume of completed residential projects.

Future outlook expects an increase in new construction permit requests and reaching 272,000 units per year till 2020 and further slowing down to 230,000 units per year until 2030. Meanwhile, in the short term, the residential property could surge to 380,000 units due to increased immigration.

However, the demand levels for residential properties significantly differ from region to region. In some regions, the gap between the demand and available properties could close soon, particularly in Eastern Germany. Meanwhile, in some regions, particularly in thriving urban areas, the available housing units will remain very scarce.

Along with the insufficient supply, quoted rents have increased accordingly. Especially in large cities, the trend of growing rents has been rather dynamic. For example, the annual growth rate of housing rents in Germany has been around 1.7% since 2004. Meanwhile, rent increased by 3.9% and 3.5% annually in Berlin and Munich accordingly. Both cities experienced a 6% yearly growth in purchase prices in this real estate sector.

Office Properties
Similarly as residential properties, also office properties’ market is in a good and forward-looking shape mainly due to positive migration balance and historically low unemployment rates. In 2016, approximately 3.9 million square meters of office space was rented in the top 7 cities in Germany. This indicates a growth of 12% in comparison to the previous period. A particularly dynamic development was observed in Frankfurt, Cologne and Stuttgart with growth rates ranging between 25% and 48.4%. Meanwhile, Hamburg, Dusseldorf, Munich and Berlin have experienced a cool-down in floor-space turnover in comparison to previous years.

The overall vacancy rate of office properties has decreased due to several factors: a dynamic demand, a slow expansion of floor space and high pre-letting rates. Across the top 7 cities mentioned above, the vacancy rate decreased by 0.7% points to 4.9%. In the top 7 real estate locations in Germany, the prime office rents range between 21 EUR/m2 and 37.50 EUR/m2 giving an attractive potential for investment return. This especially applies to Berlin, where rents have increased by more than 17% in comparison to 2015 reaching 28.7 EUR/m2. Currently, the highest office rents are in Frankfurt and Munich (37.50 EUR/m2 and 35 EUR/m2 accordingly).

Local investors retain the dominant market position accounting for around 60% of the total transaction activity in office property market. Meanwhile, foreign investors account for approximately two fifths (or 20.9 billion EUR) of the transaction volume.

Before starting a business or even choosing a jurisdiction, you need to plan a corporate structure for your business and based on that determine the purpose of the business you wish to start. It is important to understand the business structure of your company as this will determine the jurisdiction and type of company you choose to best meet your needs.

As different legal entities are usually subject to different tax regulations, it is important to have a clear vision for your company, including the area of activity and the corporate structure. Choosing the right legal form for your business is crucial for tax planning purposes; Otherwise you risk additional costs that could easily have been avoided. Also, some types of companies are bound by certain restrictions on accepting new business partners or third-party investors, which can pose a problem if you plan to work with invested capital. One of the most important aspects is the liability of the owners: different legal entities have different levels and mechanisms of liability for the business owner in relation to the company's relationships with third parties. In order to avoid unnecessary risks, we strongly advise you to think twice before choosing a legal form.

A company’s legal structure refers to its internal composition and its management and supervisory bodies as well as the liability of the owners in relation to third parties. On this basis, we can offer you the following legal company structures:

Limited liability company (LLC)
Joint-stock company (JSC)
Limited partnership (LP)
Limited liability partnership (LLP)
Foundation
General partnership (GP)
Branch office
Representative office
Trust
Confidus Solutions can provide you with in-depth legal consultation regarding business and tax planning strategies, as well as advising on a suitable legal structure for your company. As each type of entity has its own benefits and disadvantages, we strongly recommend that you contact us before proceeding with the company formation procedure.

Central African Republic's logistics performance index is 2.36. It indicates mediocre performance - transit procedures are relatively unreliable, punctuality and safety of transported goods are often an issue, although such a system can work relatively well when traffic is not too heavy.

Inch performance is rated at 2.47. This indicates mediocre performance - although somewhat ineffective, clearing processes do not unduly deter international business activity, occasionally fees and/or required documents can be unpredictable, long clearing times can also be an issue.

The quality of the infrastructure in the Central African Republic is rated at 2.5. It indicates a satisfactory quality - roads, railways, ports and other facilities are capable of handling significant traffic at any time, and are also suitable for various types of transport vehicles and ships.

International broadcast quality is 2.16. It indicates a mediocre performance - the services provided are reasonably attractive to foreign customers, and the price is right up there with the quality, which is still not very competitive.

The competence of logistics service providers is rated at 2.31. The providers are of mediocre competence - they can ensure a certain quality of their services, sometimes even outstanding, although their overall performance can still be deficient in many aspects.

Tracking options for shipments are rated at 2.31. It indicates mediocre performance - the tracking systems provide some information, which usually includes the most necessary subjects, such as the current location of a shipment, the arrival and departure dates and the status of a shipment; however, there is usually a lack of more detailed information on the status and multilingual accessibility options.

Tracking options for shipments are rated at 2.47. It indicates a so-so performance - most shipments arrive either towards the end of the scheduled timeframes or with delays.

In the Central African Republic, 10.8% of the population has access to electricity. The Central African Republic has 39 airports nationwide. There are 20 internet hosts in Central African Republic. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in Central African Republic is 6.

Road network
The total road length in Central African Republic is 20,278 km (12,603 ​​miles). Of these, 0 km (0 miles) of roads are classified as freeways, dual carriageways, or freeways.

Gas price
On average, a liter of petrol costs USD 1.69 in the Central African Republic. A liter of diesel would cost $1.3.

Corporate documents also known as legal documents, are a series of specific documents in which all the necessary facts about the company are written. These documents are known as the face of the company as they are the source of official information about the company. Every time a company is founded or changed, documents with facts about the company or the facts about changes to the company must be submitted to the commercial register. The register will amend the information in the commercial register and add the submitted documents to the company's files so that any person is empowered to obtain the official facts about the company.

There are different types of corporate documents, each with different information. The most important documents are known as founding documents, such as B. the deed of incorporation and the articles of association.

Every document has strict requirements and a specific form. A signature in some documents must be notarized in order to be binding. These documents are usually prepared by lawyers or law firms specializing in commercial law. It is important to remember that the status and requirements of legal documents vary by jurisdiction. In addition, the names of the documents may vary in different countries.

Corporate documents required for company incorporation
To form a company, two basic founding documents are necessary:

Memorandum of association
It contains the fundamental conditions upon which the company is allowed to operate. The document consists of information like firm of the company, data on the founders, information about the equity capital of the company, admissible amount of the foundation expenses and their payment order, etc.;
Articles of association
It generally defines the responsibilities of the board, the type of business to be executed, and means by which the owners exert control over the board of directors. Upon consent of the founders the Articles of association may include specific provisions regarding decision making, restrictions of the board, competence of the council, other specific conditions regarding the process of shares transfer.
Other secondary documents may be demanded. These are as follows:

An application of the local commercial registry – every state has its own form that must be submitted for any changes to take place;
Declaration of each board member / Consent of board member; List of shareholders / A division of the register of shareholders (for limited liability company);
Declaration of company address / Announcement of an office address;
Bank notice on the payment of the equity capital;
Receipt for payment of the state fee;
In order to read more about the company incorporation procedure, click here.

Corporate documents required for change of shareholders
This type of change is very common for limited liability companies, because it is a closed company, meaning that shares are not subject of public trade. Generally, the following documents must be submitted to the local commercial registry in case of changes of shareholders:

An application form;
Updated shareholder registry;
A proof of shares transfer, for example, a Shares purchase agreement.
In the shareholder registry, it is usually required to include company's total number of shares, the total value of shares and – the quantity of shares that has been paid.

Corporate documents required for change of director
To change a director, generally the following documents must be submitted to the local commercial registry:

An application form;
Protocol or extract of the minutes of the meeting of shareholders – in this document the relevant decision must be included;
Written acceptance of the appointed director;
In some states, the required document amount is minimized. In addition, keep in mind that the list and names of the documents required may vary from country to country.

Belize is considered a developing country. A nation's stage of development is determined by a number of factors, including economic prosperity, life expectancy, income equality, and quality of life. As a developing country, Belize may not be able to provide consistent social services to its citizens. These social services can include things like public education, reliable health care, and law enforcement. Developing country citizens may have a lower life expectancy than developed country citizens. Belize exports about $ 0.63 billion and imports about $ 0.86 billion each year. 7.6% of the country's population are unemployed. The total number of unemployed in Belize is 29,066. In Belize, 41% of the population live below the poverty line. The proportion of citizens living below the poverty line in Belize is very high compared to other nations. This situation points to a variety of alarming economic and political factors. It is not advisable to invest in countries with this level of poverty. Government spending on education is 5.7% of GDP. The country's Gini index is 53.1. Belize experiences inequality. The gap between the richest and poorest citizens of this country is wide and obvious, resulting in drastically different standards of living for rich and poor citizens. Belize has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.732. Belize has an upper mid-range HDI. This suggests that the majority of citizens will be able to live desirable lives, although some citizens will not be able to achieve a high standard of living. The strength of the Legal Rights Index for Belize is 4. Overall, it is viewed as rather inadequate - bankruptcy and collateral laws can protect the rights of borrowers and lenders to a certain extent; Credit information may be sufficient, but hardly available, or, conversely, it may be available but not sufficient.

Currency
The currency of Belize is Belize dollar. The plural form of the word Belize dollar is dollars. The symbol used for this currency is $, and it is abbreviated as BZD. The Belize dollar is divided into Cent; there are 100 in one dollar.

Credit rating
According to the S&P credit-rating agency, Belize has a credit rating score of B-, and the prospects of this rating are negative. According to the Moody's credit-rating agency, Belize has a credit rating score of B3, and the prospects of this rating are stable.

Central bank
The prime lending rate of Belize's commercial banks is 12. In Belize, the institution that manages the state's currency, money supply, and interest rates is called Central Bank of Belize. The average deposit interest rate offered by local banks in Belize is 2.9%.

Public debt
Belize has a government debt of 110.% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as assessed in 2012.

Tax information
The corporate tax in Belize is set at 1.75%. Personal income tax ranges from 0% to 25%, depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Belize is 12.5%, and it is known as General Sales Tax.

Finances
The total gross domestic product (GDP), valued as purchasing power parity (PPP), is $ 2,975 billion in Belize. Belize's gross domestic product (GDP), valued as purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, was last measured at $ 8 million. PPP in Belize is considered below average when compared to other countries. A below-average PPP indicates that citizens in this country are finding it difficult to buy local goods. Local goods can include groceries, shelter, clothing, health care, personal hygiene, essential home furnishings, transportation and communications, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with below average PPPs are dangerous places to invest. The total gross domestic product (GDP) in Belize is 1.624 billion. Based on these statistics, Belize is considered a small economy. Countries with small economies generally support fewer industries and investment opportunities. However, worthwhile investment opportunities can be found. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Belize was last measured at 4 million US dollars. The average Belize citizen has very little wealth. Countries with very low per capita wealth often have a lower life expectancy and a dramatically lower quality of life for their citizens. In countries with very low wealth, it can be very difficult to find a highly skilled workforce as it is difficult for citizens to get the education needed to specialize in industries. However, compared to countries with higher wealth per capita, workers can be found at very low prices. Belize's annual GDP growth rate averaged 2% in 2014. Accordingly, Belize is currently experiencing modest growth. Modest growth countries offer safe investment opportunities; their expanding economy suggests that businesses, jobs and incomes will grow accordingly.

Belize is considered a developing country. A nation's stage of development is determined by a number of factors, including economic prosperity, life expectancy, income equality, and quality of life. As a developing country, Belize may not be able to provide consistent social services to its citizens. These social services can include things like public education, reliable health care, and law enforcement. Developing country citizens may have a lower life expectancy than developed country citizens. Belize exports about $ 0.63 billion and imports about $ 0.86 billion each year. 7.6% of the country's population are unemployed. The total number of unemployed in Belize is 29,066. In Belize, 41% of the population live below the poverty line. The proportion of citizens living below the poverty line in Belize is very high compared to other nations. This situation points to a variety of alarming economic and political factors. It is not advisable to invest in countries with this level of poverty. Government spending on education is 5.7% of GDP. The country's Gini index is 53.1. Belize experiences inequality. The gap between the richest and poorest citizens of this country is wide and obvious, resulting in drastically different standards of living for rich and poor citizens. Belize has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.732. Belize has an upper mid-range HDI. This suggests that the majority of citizens will be able to live desirable lives, although some citizens will not be able to achieve a high standard of living. The strength of the Legal Rights Index for Belize is 4. Overall, it is viewed as rather inadequate - bankruptcy and collateral laws can protect the rights of borrowers and lenders to a certain extent; Credit information may be sufficient, but hardly available, or, conversely, it may be available but not sufficient.

Currency
The currency of Belize is Belize dollar. The plural form of the word Belize dollar is dollars. The symbol used for this currency is $, and it is abbreviated as BZD. The Belize dollar is divided into Cent; there are 100 in one dollar.

Credit rating
According to the S&P credit-rating agency, Belize has a credit rating score of B-, and the prospects of this rating are negative. According to the Moody's credit-rating agency, Belize has a credit rating score of B3, and the prospects of this rating are stable.

Central bank
The prime lending rate of Belize's commercial banks is 12. In Belize, the institution that manages the state's currency, money supply, and interest rates is called Central Bank of Belize. The average deposit interest rate offered by local banks in Belize is 2.9%.

Public debt
Belize has a government debt of 110.% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as assessed in 2012.

Tax information
The corporate tax in Belize is set at 1.75%. Personal income tax ranges from 0% to 25%, depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Belize is 12.5%, and it is known as General Sales Tax.

Finances
The total gross domestic product (GDP), valued as purchasing power parity (PPP), is $ 2,975 billion in Belize. Belize's gross domestic product (GDP), valued as purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, was last measured at $ 8 million. PPP in Belize is considered below average when compared to other countries. A below-average PPP indicates that citizens in this country are finding it difficult to buy local goods. Local goods can include groceries, shelter, clothing, health care, personal hygiene, essential home furnishings, transportation and communications, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with below average PPPs are dangerous places to invest. The total gross domestic product (GDP) in Belize is 1.624 billion. Based on these statistics, Belize is considered a small economy. Countries with small economies generally support fewer industries and investment opportunities. However, worthwhile investment opportunities can be found. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Belize was last measured at 4 million US dollars. The average Belize citizen has very little wealth. Countries with very low per capita wealth often have a lower life expectancy and a dramatically lower quality of life for their citizens. In countries with very low wealth, it can be very difficult to find a highly skilled workforce as it is difficult for citizens to get the education needed to specialize in industries. However, compared to countries with higher wealth per capita, workers can be found at very low prices. Belize's annual GDP growth rate averaged 2% in 2014. Accordingly, Belize is currently experiencing modest growth. Modest growth countries offer safe investment opportunities; their expanding economy suggests that businesses, jobs and incomes will grow accordingly.

The adult literacy rate in Germany is 99%. Government spending on education is 4.5% of GDP. The education index in Germany is 0.884 - the formal level of education is high, the secondary level is standard for the majority of the population; Higher education is highly available and widespread due to the economic demand for graduates, and higher education is also becoming the standard option in many of these countries. The people in Germany speak the German language.

English language
In Germany, around 1% of the population or 51,584,000 people speak English. 272,504 of the German population call English their mother tongue. 51,311,496 of the German population use English as a foreign or second language.

Population
In Germany, the population density is 228 inhabitants per square kilometer (593 per square mile). Based on these statistics, this country is considered to be densely populated. The total population of Germany is 82,293,457 people. Germany has around 12,005,690 foreign immigrants. Immigrants in Germany make up 4.3 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. Immigrants in Germany make up 11.9 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. The ethnic diversity of Germany is almost uniform according to an ethnic faction scale. Ethnic fractionation (EF) deals with the number, size, socio-economic distribution, and geographic location of various cultural groups, usually in a state or otherwise demarcated territory. Specific cultural characteristics, alone or in combination, can relate to language, skin color, religion, ethnicity, customs and traditions, history or other characteristic criteria. These characteristics are often used for social exclusion and monopoly of power. The index of ethnic fractionation in Germany is 0.1682. This means that the people living in Germany belong to a close group of ethnic groups that are all related to one another. EF is usually measured as 1 minus the Herfindahl concentration index of ethno-linguistic group proportions, which reproduces the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the population belong to different groups. The theoretical maximum of EF of 1 means that each person belongs to a different group. Below you will find statistics for Germany on the median age and the gender distribution in different age groups.

Age
The average age is about 46.1 years. The mean age of men is 45.1 years while the mean age of women is 47.2.

Gender
The gender ratio or the number of men for each woman (estimated at birth) is 1.055. It can be further subdivided into the following categories: gender ratio below 15 - 1.05; Gender ratio from 15 to 64 - 1.04; Gender ratio over 64 - 0.72; Overall gender ratio - 0.97. The overall gender ratio differs from the gender ratio estimated at birth. This is because some newborns are included in the estimated gender ratio at birth, but die within the first few weeks of life and are not included in the overall gender ratio.

Germany is considered a developed nation. A nation's stage of development is determined by a number of factors, including but not limited to economic prosperity, life expectancy, income equality, and quality of life. As an industrialized nation, Germany is able to offer its citizens social services such as public education, health care and law enforcement. Citizens of developed countries enjoy a high standard of living and a longer life expectancy than citizens of developing countries. Germany exports around $ 1,493 billion and imports around $ 1,233 billion each year. 3.6% of the country's population are unemployed. The total number of unemployed in Germany is 2,962,564. In Germany, 17% of the population live below the poverty line. The proportion of citizens living below the poverty line in Germany is relatively high, but does not give rise to complete concern about investments. Potential financiers should consider other economic characteristics such as GDP, rate of urbanization, and currency strength before making any investment decisions. Government spending on education is 4.5% of GDP. The country's Gini index is 27. Germany has a high level of equality. Income differences between citizens are only marginally significant. Germany has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.911. Germany has a very high HDI value. This shows that almost all citizens are able to lead a desirable life thanks to social and economic support. Citizens with a low standard of living receive help and support and have the opportunity to develop in society. The Global Peace Index (GPI) for Germany is 1.379. Due to the strong presence of the law enforcement authorities and the high level of social responsibility, Germany is very safe by international standards. The strength of the legal rights index for Germany is 6. Overall, it is considered appropriate - the law on bankruptcy and collateral can at least adequately protect the rights of borrowers and lenders. Credit information is perfectly adequate and widely available.

Currency
The currency of Germany is euro. There are several plural forms of the name 'euro'. These are euro, euros. The symbol used for this currency is €, and it is abbreviated as EUR. The euro is divided into Cent; there are 100 in one euro.

Credit rating
The depth of credit information index for Germany is 8, which means that information is mostly sufficient and quite detailed; accessibility is not a problem. According to the S&P credit-rating agency, Germany has a credit rating score of AAA, and the prospects of this rating are stable. According to the Fitch credit-rating agency, Germany has a credit rating score of AAA, and the prospects of this rating are stable. According to the Moody's credit-rating agency, Germany has a credit rating score of Aaa, and the prospects of this rating are stable.

Central bank
In Germany, the institution that manages the state's currency, money supply, and interest rates is called German Federal Bank. Locally, the central bank of Germany is called Deutsche Bundesbank. The average deposit interest rate offered by local banks in Germany is 2.65%.

Public debt
Germany has a government debt of 26% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as assessed in 2013.

Tax information
The corporate tax in Germany is set at 30%. Personal income tax ranges from 14% to 45%, depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Germany is 19%.

http://www.confiduss.com/en/jurisdictions/germany/economy/